Results of the GEOSS Energy Community of Practice on-line survey on users' requirements of wind energy information<br/>Thierry Ranchin1, Lionel Ménard1, Mark Ahlstrom2, Renate Hagedorn3, 1-Ecole des Mines de Paris/Armines, Centre for Energy and Processes, BP207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis cedex, France, e-mail: thierry.ranchin(at)ensmp.fr 2-WindLogics Inc, 1021 Bandana Blvd. East, Suite 111, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA 3-European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast, Shinfield Park, Reading, RG2 9AX, United Kingdom<br/><br/>Background<br/>Within the GEOSS process, there is a need for identification of users' needs and its translation in terms of Earth Observation that can be integrated in the definition of GEOSS. These identification and translation are the subject of this report.<br/><br/>Method<br/>This on-line survey was proposed to the energy community from January 2007 to end of June 2007. It was available on the Web site of the Energy Community of Practice of GEOSS and advertise to the community by the members of the Wind Energy Working Group. The members of the group disseminate this information around the community by mails, phone calls and peculiar discussion. This survey was also advertised to the European wind industry within the European Wind Energy Conference 2007 that was held in Milano, Italy, at the begin of May 2007. The main target of this survey was to obtain requirements from the wind energy industry. The limits of this kind of questionnaire are well-known and all the following results should be considered without forgetting the partial view given here. Different topics were explored within this questionnaire. Annex 1 is presenting a copy of an empty questionnaire. For some of the topics a ranking was asked to the respondents, from 1 (not important) to 5 (very important). In the tables, the average value of the answer and the number of answers greater than 3 are given.<br/><br/>Results<br/>The questionnaire was filled by 60 persons. In the following we are presenting the results. The analysis will be done in the next paragraph.<br/><br/>Nationality<br/>As part of the optional personal data the respondent could select his/her country of residence. A total of 79 respondents gave this information. The break-down of the results is shown in Table 1.<br/><br/><br/>Country USA Germany France Denmark Switzerland Spain United Kingdom Belgium Greece The Netherlands Nigeria Australia New Zealand Lesotho Portugal Cyprus Montserrat Estonia Serbia and Montenegro Poland Bulgaria Finland<br/><br/>Number of answers 8 8 7 3 1 3 4 3 2 5 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1<br/><br/>Table 1 Response by countries<br/><br/>Profession of respondents<br/>The number of answers provided are greater than 60 due to double answers such as consultant in a utility company. Mainly the answers came from the wind industry.<br/>Profession Consultant Developer Public research laboratory University Manufacturer Engineering company Utility company Non-governmental organization or other promoter of wind energy: Governmental / public agency / service Private research laboratory Number of answers 18 17 10 7 6 6 5 5 3 1<br/><br/>Table 2. Profession of respondents.<br/><br/>Use of data<br/>A summary of the results is given in Table 3, which shows the average number of points given to each of the categories, and the number of high values (4 or 5) showing a high level of interest.<br/><br/><br/>Use of data Feasibility study Site selection Investment decision Monitoring Wind integration study Cost assessment Research/education/promotion System design Plant operation Plant maintenance Deployment Energy trading Grid operation Fault detection Guarantee/certification/insurance Policy making Plant decommissionning<br/><br/>Average 4.25 3.96 3.51 3.41 3.38 3.33 3.23 3.08 3.06 2.88 2.81 2.73 2.71 2.63 2.57 2.48 1.85<br/><br/>Number of answer &gt; 3 45 40 30 26 28 27 28 21 22 19 16 17 14 14 16 12 4<br/><br/>Table 3. Use of data Others answers: · research on high resolution wind fields turbulence · I'm not quite sure what to answer here - is the data important for me or is good quality important for the data or is the question more about how often I use wind data in those fields? I answered &quot;Where is the quality of wind data important?&quot;. · Equipment purchasing construction support performance benchmarking life-cycle cost estimation risk assessment and risk capital allocation financing turbine siting met tower siting investor relations weekend wind-surfing · Basic wind assessment research · Independent resource assessment for financing a key &quot;product&quot; · market research for designing and manufacturing of components (cables) for wind turbines · wind power prediction · production estimation<br/><br/>For ONSHORE, which type of data<br/>Interest for Data Wind speeds and directions Wind statistics Vertical wind profiles Topography/orography Turbulence information Wind shear Aerodynamical roughness Obstacles Forecast of meteo conditions Monitoring of meteo conditions Average 4.68 4.39 4.21 4.19 4.16 4.16 4.11 4.02 3.93 3.91 Number of answer &gt; 3 54 50 45 49 44 45 44 41 41 40<br/><br/><br/>Geographical information Snowice information Geological and soil information Forest detailed information Wildlife information<br/><br/>3.23 2.96 2.95 2.95 2.46<br/><br/>23 21 19 21 11<br/><br/>Table 4. For onshore wind projects, interest for data about: Others answers: · long-term wind cycles/oscillations · distance to major grid infrastructure; grid capacity; future grid infrastructure in planning pipeline · cyclonic alerts<br/><br/>For OFFSHORE, which type of data<br/>Interest for Data Wind speed and directions Wind statistics Wind shear Vertical wind profiles Forecast of meteo conditions Monitoring of meteo conditions Wave heights Bathymetry Currents Tides Seabed characteristics Sea temperature Sea Ice Salinity Turbidity Average 4.51 4.31 4.24 4.24 4.07 3.93 3.73 3.43 3.40 3.21 3.14 3.09 3.07 2.56 2.41 Number of answer &gt; 3 39 36 37 37 32 32 26 19 21 18 16 16 16 6 6<br/><br/>Table 5. For offshore wind projects, interest for data about:<br/><br/>Temporal Resolution of data<br/>Which type of temporal resolution do you need? Please select the 3 main types of data and specify the most important to you. The choice between the types of data are those of Table 5. FIRST ANSWER<br/><br/><br/>Daily averages<br/><br/>Wind speed and directions Wind statistics Vertical wind profiles Wave heights Forecast of meteo conditions Wind shear Bathymetry Currents Tides Seabed characteristics Sea Ice Turbidity Salinity Sea temperature Monitoring of meteo conditions<br/><br/>51 1 1 1 1<br/><br/>3.88 1 2<br/><br/>3.78 1 4<br/><br/>2.76 1 5<br/><br/>3.24 1 3 3<br/><br/>3.95 2 5 3<br/><br/>3.72 3 4 3 5<br/><br/>3.54 4 4 2<br/><br/>3.03 1 2<br/><br/>Table 6a. First answer about Temporal resolution for parameters SECOND ANSWER<br/>1 minute average Weekly averages Annual averages Hourly averages Main types of data Nb of answer Daily averages Instantaneous values 2.69 3.22 2.71 5 2.33 2.33<br/><br/>15 minutes average<br/><br/>Wind statistics Wind shear Vertical wind profiles Wind speed and directions Wave heights Forecast of meteo conditions Bathymetry Currents Tides Seabed characteristics Sea Ice Turbidity Salinity Sea temperature Monitoring of meteo conditions<br/><br/>24 12 8 3 3 3<br/><br/>4.41 3.7 3 1 2.67 2.67<br/><br/>4.38 3.3 2.67 1 2.67 3<br/><br/>3.53 2.22 2.33 1 2.67 3<br/><br/>3.56 2.6 2.83 2 3 3.67<br/><br/>3.78 3.5 4.14 3.5 4.67 3.67<br/><br/>3.17 3.18 3.5 3.5 3.67 3.33<br/><br/>5 minutes averages<br/><br/>Monthly averages<br/><br/>2.61 3.22 3.71 4 1.67 3<br/><br/>2.5 2.44 3.17 1 1.67 2.67<br/><br/>Table 6b. Second answer about Temporal resolution for parameters<br/><br/>Instantaneous values 2.93 5 2<br/><br/>Main types of data<br/><br/>Nb of answer Weekly averages Annual averages Monthly averages<br/><br/>15 minutes average<br/><br/>5 minutes averages<br/><br/>1 minute average<br/><br/>Hourly averages<br/><br/><br/>THIRD ANSWER<br/>1 minute average Weekly averages Annual averages Hourly averages Main types of data Nb of answer Daily averages Instantaneous values 2.56 1.83 2 1.83 3.33 1 5 1 1 5 15 minutes average 3.3 2.4 2.83 2.33 1.75 3 2 1 1 4 5 minutes averages 2.9 1.8 2.29 2.17 3.33 1 1 1 1 4 Monthly averages 4.19 3.86 2.67 3.4 4 1 2 5 5 3 2<br/><br/>Vertical wind profiles Wind shear Forecast of meteo conditions Monitoring of meteo conditions Wind statistics Bathymetry Wave heights Wind speed and directions Seabed characteristics Turbidity Sea temperature Currents Tides Sea Ice Salinity<br/><br/>15 8 7 6 4 2 2 1 1 1 1<br/><br/>4.1 3.83 2.33 3.2 4.5 4 3 5 5 2<br/><br/>2.89 3 2.83 3.4 2 1 2.5 1 3 1<br/><br/>3.3 3.8 3.83 3.17 2.25 1 3 1 3 3<br/><br/>3.5 3.4 4.43 3.33 2 1 5 1 2 4<br/><br/>2.44 2 1.33 1.83 2 1 1 1 1 5<br/><br/>Table 6c. Third answer about Temporal resolution for parameters<br/><br/>Age of data<br/>If you are using data sets from the past, how recent should the data be? Age of Data<br/>Recent (last month/year) From archives Very recent (last hours/days)<br/><br/>Average<br/>4.20 4.11 3.09<br/><br/>Number of answer &gt;3<br/>46 41 23<br/><br/>Table 7. Age of data<br/><br/>Synthetic Data<br/>If you are using synthetic data, what type? Age of Data<br/>Typical meteorological years Design reference years Test reference year Stochastically generated years<br/><br/>Average<br/>3.76 3.28 3.08 3.02<br/><br/>Number of answer &gt;3<br/>32 23 17 20<br/><br/>Table 8. Type of synthetic data<br/><br/><br/>Geographical Coverage of data<br/>For the data you are using the most, are you interested in sites (locations), maps... Geographical coverage<br/>A grid (map) of point values covering a country/region A grid (map) of average values covering a country/region Single site but more than 10 Single site but less than 10 Single site<br/><br/>Average<br/>4.02 3.86<br/><br/>Number of answer &gt;3<br/>40 37<br/><br/>3.84 3.56 3.46<br/><br/>34 32 27<br/><br/>Table 9. Geographical coverage of data sets<br/><br/>Spatial Resolution of data<br/>What spatial resolution of maps (what pixel size) do you think is needed for your main purpose? Spatial resolution<br/>500 by 500 m 1 by 1 km 100 by 100 m 5 by 5 km 2 by 2 km 0.1° by 0.1° (10km) 10 by 10 m 1° by 1° (100 km) values or time series averaged over a country 3° by 3° (300km)<br/><br/>Average<br/>3.76 3.72 3.71 3.59 3.53 3.31 3.27 2.58 2.46 2.1<br/><br/>Number of answer &gt;3<br/>32 30 33 29 28 27 24 12 11 7<br/><br/>Table 10. Spatial resolution of data sets<br/><br/>How are you using data<br/>Use of data. When accessing either location-specific or mapped observations do you: Do you:<br/>Use observations as inputs to a simulator/software Use time-averages or statistical<br/><br/>Average<br/>4.2 3.91<br/><br/>Number of answer &gt;3<br/>40 35<br/><br/><br/>summaries as inputs to a simulator / software Use observations themselves for documentation or customized purposes Use statistical summaries other than averages (e.g., percentiles, probability distribution, extremes), for documentation / custom applications Use time-averaged observations for documentation / custom applications<br/><br/>3.75 3.57<br/><br/>29 28<br/><br/>3.51<br/><br/>27<br/><br/>Table 11. Use of the observations<br/><br/>Satisfaction about data considering...<br/>Is the wind resource and meteorological information currently available satisfactory when considering Satisfaction considering...<br/>clarity in description of products up to date as a whole access geographical coverage accuracy<br/><br/>Average<br/>3.11 2.95 2.91 2.88 2.84 2.72<br/><br/>Number of answer &gt;3<br/>21 17 11 16 18 11<br/><br/>Table 12. Satisfaction about: Comments on &quot;Where do you get your data from&quot;:<br/>· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · National wind maps and consultants. German weather service - historical data from ERA40 web - DEWI on FINO platform - from satellite data ECMWF NCEP NCEP/NCAR - ECMWF - Météo France Metservices own measurements Mostly own measurements or clients. Otherwise meteorological offices or Reanalysis. ASOS RAWS various mesonets etc. and on-site observations. Meteorological towers installed. - Instituto nacional de meteorologia NCAR-NCEP NOAA data (U.S.) and meteorological reanalysis datasets. We also use tall (50m or greater) tower data. directly from clients with wind project sites. NCDC other publically available reference stations. Private met towers - Multiple government sources - WindLogics National Climatic Data Center - National Center for Atmospheric Research - Public Wind Energy Measurement Programs - Propietary Data UK Met Office anywhere what ever is available Own on site equipment and Govt Bureau of Metrology. Closest Govt site is 50Km away. Based on Australian CSIRO wind mapping data Bureau of Meteorology - NCAR Australian/NZ BoM NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project own met. masts Bureau of Meteorology Australia - World Wind Atlas<br/><br/><br/>· · · · · · · · · · ·<br/><br/>· · ·<br/><br/>- Météo France (or national organism of the country) - - NCEP/NCAR Meteo-France State Metheo agency By own measurements. meteo france - our own wind assessment system = tilt-up towers - wind sensors as part of our wind turbine Proprietary Wind Atlas Argoss - Royal Dutch Met Institute (KNMI) From local observatories or from own (client) meteomasts We have our 50m wind masta stations. - We are using data from metstationsand airports satelite data on orographyand and 1:25000 topography maps Mainly from measurements made by our selfs. three main sources: - 1. wind measurement on site - 2. IMGW poland - meteorological satations 3.NCAR data From long term observations by national meteorological institute KNMI. - For offshore form dedicated windmasts of the Ministry of Water Management (Verkeer en Waterstaat). - From the met mast of the Offshore Wind farm Egmond aan Zee. (See http://www.senternovem.nl/Offshore_Wind_Energy/technology/monitoring_mepnsw/wind_climate.asp) Fino and local weather service From measurement masts and reanalysis and met forecasts and wind index calculated from met mast data winddata.com - special purpose met-masts<br/><br/>Wind forecasts<br/>Are wind forecasts important to you? Forecast horizon<br/>Forecast for 12-48h Forecast up to 24 h Nowcasting (next 6 hour) Forecast up to 3 days Nowcasting (next 1 hour) Forecast up to 1 week Seasonal Forecast (2-6 months) Forecast up to 2 week Forecast up to 1 month<br/><br/>Average<br/>3.81 3.74 3.5 3.42 3.29 3.19 2.94 2.76 2.74<br/><br/>Number of answer &gt;3<br/>38 34 30 30 25 23 21 16 14<br/><br/>Table 13. Wind forecasts horizon needed Comments on: Forecast timing ­ When must the forecast be available to you?<br/>· · · · · 1 hr forecast - 15 min - 6 hr forecast - 1 hr - 24 hr forecast - 6 hr - 1 wk forecast - 1 day - 1 mo forecast - 1 wk - 6 mo forecast - 1 mo real time 00UTC at 6-7UTC for example Into next 3-6hrs for forecast up to 48hrs . 7:00 local time in the morning<br/><br/><br/>· · · · ·<br/><br/>· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·<br/><br/>asap 10:00 UTC (for next day) For the 24-h forecast a delay of a few hours is ok. 6 months Hourly forecasts much be available an hour ahead. Likewise daily forecasts would be available a day ahead. This places limitations on the data that are used to make the forecast. A day-ahead forecast might use data that are a few hours old to initialize the numerical weather prediction models in order to allow sufficient numerical integration time. Hourly to 3 hours across all forecast horizons Forecast must be available at least an hour before decisions must be made Four forecasts a day is adequate every 6 hours - 15min/hourly average wind speed and direction Week-ahead day-ahead hour-ahead Forecasts have to be available at 14h (in france) with a prediction every 3 hours (6 if 3 are not possible but not more). every 12 hours for forecast up to 1 week. 12...72 hours at any time during cyclonic periods - we need to know when a cyclone is approaching one of our sites to have our teams ready to intervene before it\'s too late. Day ahead as a base - 3 to 6 hours ahead for monitoring - 3 to 4 days ahead for energy production At end of each month. 7 days in advance At any time in any time: important are two things: currently acces to data high quality data In time to be able to trade on the APX. - (depending on the time frame of the forecast see above questions) 24h ago twice a day<br/><br/>Forecast error ­ What is the maximum forecast error acceptable to you (identify parameters of interest &amp; error range)?<br/>· · · · · · · · The forecast quantity is wind plant output. The lower the better. Currently 15% MAE day ahead hourly energy is possible. Would like to see 3-5 % MAE day ahead. 2 m/sec 10 degree wind field wind speed forecast: 0.5 m/s at day 3 bias rmse. - error &lt; 2% as good as possible - maximum forecast error should be small Mean absolute error on wind speed &lt; 1 m/s Mean Absolute Error below 1 m/s for the 36-h forecast. While this is in practice not easily attainable it should be tried nonetheless. That also depends on the time of the forecast. I would imagine that we have to accept a maximum of 20 percent error in wind power for a forecast of hourly averages and an error of 50 percent for a day-ahead forecast. Week-ahead forecasts will not be that reliable. I imagine forecasts need to be within 20 percent wind power to be reasonably useful for the next day. That means 10 percent or less in errors for forecast wind speeds. Id be more interested in seeing forecast error made transparent in the first place. Then ask me about error magnitude.... Forecast error is not as important as knowing the confidence interval of the forecast As accurate as possible for short term forecasting for wind energy applications 0.1%-1.0% for hour-ahead wind speeds - wind speed : very important (+/- 3 m/s). - - wind direction : important (+/- 20°) max 10% on wind speed for forecast up to 1 week 5...10% 72 hours / 100km : teams get ready - - 48h : intervention on site to lower the wind turbines down to the ground -<br/><br/>· · · · · · ·<br/><br/><br/>· · · · ·<br/><br/>3 - 6 hours ahead wind speed at 10% - Day ahead wind speed at 15% - 3 - 4 days ahead wind speed at 25% plus or minus 15% wind speed 6% in average data Individual issue for each project. As small as possible. - E.g.; 0.5 m/s for 0 m/s; W; 25 m/s<br/><br/>Other comments about your wind forecasting requirements?<br/>· · · time resolution: hourly. - ECMWF is with 3h resolution almost too coarse. wind heights 30-150m. We use forecasting of wind power for utilities / Transmission System Operators / traders. They are mostly interested in a range given by the markets which usually is next-day. See powwow.risoe.dk www.risoe.dk/zephyr or anemos.cma.fr for more details and for contacts if you\'re interested more in the specialties of wind power forecasting. Wind forecasting requirements are best outlined by wind plant operators. I am not an operator. n/a Forecasts should be in a format that is easily compatible with other information that are used in decision making Crucial issue for accurate wind energy forecasts Only needed for scheduling turbine maintenance to occur in periods of no/low wind Expenses Also we need to know forecast for the next day/week to plan our maintenance actions when it\'s less windy. None details information about data source: fe. measurement height way of forecasting description of equipment we perform own forecasting models<br/><br/>· · · · · · · · · ·<br/><br/>Long-Term data sets<br/>Are long-term (multi-year) data sets important to you? Long-term data sets for<br/>Specific locations Time series values Average values (year, season) Regional wind index values Climate change in general<br/><br/>Average<br/>4.49 4.27 4.09 3.93 3.49<br/><br/>Number of answer &gt;3<br/>48 43 40 38 25<br/><br/>Table 14. Long term data sets used<br/><br/>Analysis<br/>The numbers of answers (60) to this questionnaire is small. An invitation to answer this questionnaire was sent to the National Wind Energy Associations worldwide, but also to EWEA (European Wind Energy Association) and GWEC (Global Wind Energy Council). Unfortunately, we did not obtain official answer to our request and this invitation was not sent to the members of this two associations. Nevertheless, the 60 answers collected allows the<br/><br/><br/>extraction of some results from this survey. In this part, we try to summarize conclusions about the survey. The geographical distribution of the answers (see Table1) is in close correlation with the development of the wind industry. The answers came mainly from Europe and the USA. Thanks to the Australian Wind Energy Association some answers came from Australia and New Zealand. Respondents are mainly from the industry with a predominance of consultants and developers (see Table2). Ranking for the use of data is (see Table 3): feasibility study, site selection, investment decision, wind integration study, cost assessment followed by system design and plant operation. This ranking is directly linked to the different steps of the life cycle of the wind farm, as shown in Scheme 1.<br/><br/>Scheme 1. Life cycle of an energy system The position of the feasibility study is not surprising. The site selection step is an exploratory phase. During this phase, the main problem is to find relevant area for a wind farm without too much efforts. This is usually done at minimum costs with all data that can be found. Within the feasibility study, the developers are entering a phase for which they should invest money for data. Hence, there is a need for accurate and precise data sets during this phase. The four following uses of data are directly linked with investors needs. Finally the plant decommissioning phase is not the most interesting use for the respondents. Presently, no decommissioning of a wind farm is engaged. The growth of the wind energy market is relatively new and decommissioning will become a focus in the coming years. Concerning the type of data needed, the maximum of answers concerns the wind parameters (Wind speeds and direction and wind statistics) for both onshore and offshore (see Tables 4 and 5). The difference occurs for the third parameter. For onshore, the vertical wind profiles are the crucial parameters. The orography (the relief), the turbulence information and the wind shear followed by the aerodynamical roughness are the following parameters of interest. These parameters have a great influence on the behavior of the wind and then on the potential production of wind energy. For offshore, the wind shear and the vertical wind profiles are the following two parameters. They are not combined with turbulence and aerodynamical roughness due to the behavior of wind above the sea. Usually the aerodynamical roughness is considered as constant over the sea, even if its value is linked with the wind speed. For offshore, the following parameters are the forecast and the monitoring of wind conditions. They are directly followed by sea state parameters due to the environment of the wind farms.<br/><br/><br/>The following question is about the temporal resolution of the parameters (see Tables 6a, 6b and 6c). Three answers in terms of parameters are selectable. Then the temporal resolution for each of these parameters are discussed. The first parameter of interest for the respondents is the wind speed and directions with the highest score in number of answers. For this parameter, the temporal resolutions of interest are; hourly averages, annual averages, monthly averages, 15 minutes averages and 5 minutes averages. In other words, the interest is mainly on time series and on statistics of wind speeds and directions. The second parameter selected is wind statistics. The combination of the first and the second parameters enhances the interest of respondents for the different forms of description of the wind climatology. The third answer focuses on vertical wind profiles with monthly value. The interest for the age of the data focuses on recent or archives data sets (see Table 7). This can be interpreted considering the need of information about wind. The wind information needs an accumulation of measures over a long period (typically one year for a meteorological mast and some years for meteorological stations). Hence very recent data is not necessary apart for forecast and monitoring applications. When considering synthetic data (see Table 8), the interest is mainly on typical meteorological years. This set of information allows a mean evaluation of the production of wind energy and the mean behavior of winds over the area of interest. Respondents are mainly interest by gridded data (see Table 9). All geographical coverage seems to be of interest, but due to the typical size of a wind farm, maps of point values are requested. Typically for onshore wind farms, the need is expressed as a circle of 20 km diameter around the wind farm. From Table 10, the spatial resolution of interest for the respondents are 500 by 500 m, 1km by 1 km and 100 by 100 m cell sizes. These cell sizes are typically linked with the size of the wind farm and the behavior of wind in the wind farm. The observations are not used for themselves. They are most often (see Table 11) as inputs of a simulator or a software. This reflects the use of the data by the wind industry. The satisfaction of users about the data is clearly bad (see Table 12). Many explanations exist about his low score. The most evident is the disclosure existing between the providers of data and the users of data. The data are most often coming from National or International Meteorological Service or from reanalysis data (such as NCEP/NCAR or ECMWF) or from proprietary datasets. Table 13 focus on wind forecasts horizon. The ranking gives 12-48 h and up to 24 h horizons for the forecast. This is linked with the present use of the forecasts, i.e. for prediction of the production of wind energy and for the trading of energy on spot markets. Also of interest is nowcasting for the next 6 hours. This use of data is more related to the monitoring of the wind farm itself. Finally the long-term data sets are used by the respondents mainly for the analysis of specific locations (see Table 14). Climate change was not a primary interest for respondents.<br/><br/><br/>Annex1: Wind questionnaire<br/><br/><br/>Search<br/><br/>OK<br/><br/>Biomass<br/><br/>Coal<br/><br/>Gas/Oil<br/><br/>Geothermal<br/><br/>Hydro-power<br/><br/>Nuclear<br/><br/>Ocean<br/><br/>Solar<br/><br/>Wind<br/>Login<br/><br/>GEOSS-ECP &gt; Wind &gt; Customers Questionnaire for Wind Energy<br/><br/>Navigation Biomass Coal Gas/Oil Geothermal Hydro-power Nuclear Ocean Solar Wind First Name(*): Last Name(*): Organization(*): Address(*): Country: E - m a i l (*): URL: 2. Are you: (Tick where applicable) Consultant: Developer: Manufacturer: E n g i n e e r i n g company: U t i l i t y company: Public research laboratory: G o v e r n m e n t a l , public agency / service: Private research laboratory: University: N o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l organization or other promoter of wind energy: c d e f g c d e f g c d e f g c d e f g c d e f g c d e f g c d e f g c d e f g c d e f g c d e f g<br/>Select: 6<br/>View<br/><br/>Customers Questionnaire for Wind Energy<br/>Last modified: 01/18/2007 09:39 AM<br/><br/>I n v i t a t i o n to take part in a questionnaire to assess customers' needs in the field of wind energy. Questionnaire on customers' requirements of wind energy resource information 1. Your identification (* fields are mandatory)<br/><br/>3. For which purpose do you use wind data? ( R a t e each Item by 1: not important, to 5: very important) S i t e selection: Feasibility study: Cost assessment:<br/><br/>j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/><br/>Investment decision: Wind integration study: Guarantee/certification/insurance: System design: Deployment: P l a n t operation: G r i d operation: P l a n t maintenance: P l a n t decommissioning: Monitoring: F a u l t detection: Research/education/promotion: Policy-making: Energy trading: Others (please specify):<br/><br/>j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/>4(a). For onshore wind projects (if any), which type of data are you interested in? (Rate each Item by 1: not important, to 5: very important) Wind speed and directions: Wind statistics: Topography / orography: Aerodynamical roughness: Obstacles: T u r b u l e n c e information: Wind shear: Vertical wind profiles: G e o l o g i c a l and soil information: G e o g r a p h i c a l information: W i l d l i f e information: Forest detailed characteristics: S n o w / i c e information: M o n i t o r i n g of meteorological conditions: Forecast of meteorological conditions: Others (please specify): 4(b). For offshore wind projects (if any), which type of data are you interested in? ( R a t e each Item by 1: not important, to 5: very important) j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/><br/>Wind speed and directions: Wind statistics: Wind shear: Vertical wind profiles: Bathymetry: Currents: Waves heights: Tides: Seabed characteristics: S e a ice: Turbidity: Salinity: S e a temperature: M o n i t o r i n g of meteorological conditions: Forecast of meteorological conditions: Others (please specify):<br/><br/>j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/>5. Which type of temporal resolution do you need? Please select the 3 main types of data and specify the most important to you. ( R a t e each Item by 1: not important, to 5: very important) First type<br/>Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select:<br/><br/>S e c o n d type<br/>6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select:<br/><br/>T h i r d type<br/>6<br/><br/>Annual averages: Monthly averages: Weekly averages: Daily averages: Hourly averages: 1 5 minute averages: 5 minute averages: 1 minute averages: Instantaneous values: Others (please specify):<br/><br/>Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6 Select: 6<br/><br/>6. If you are using data sets from the past, how recent should the data be? (Rate each Item by 1: not important, to 5: very important) Very recent (e.g. last hours/days): Recent (e.g. last month / last year): j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/><br/>From older archives:<br/><br/>j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m 7. If you are using synthetic data, what type? (Rate each Item by 1: not important, to 5: very important)<br/><br/>Typical meteorological years: Design reference years: Test reference years: S t o c h a s t i c a l l y generated typical years:<br/><br/>j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/>8. For the data you are using the most, are you interested in sites (locations), maps.... (Rate each Item by 1: not important, to 5: very important) A single site: Several sites, but less than 10: More than 10 sites: A grid (map) of point values covering a country/region: A grid (map) of average values covering a country/region: j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/>9. What spatial resolution of maps (what pixel size) do you think is needed for your main purpose? ( R a t e each Item by 1: not important, to 5: very important) Values or time-series averaged over regions/countries: 3° x 3° (approx. 300 km x 300 km, global coverage): 1° x 1° (approx. 100 km x 100 km, g l o b a l / r e g i o n a l coverage): 0.1° x 0.1° (approx. 10 km x 10 km): 5 km x 5 km: 2 km x 2 km: 1 km x 1 km: 5 0 0 m x 500 m: 1 0 0 m x 100 m: 1 0 m x 10 m: j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/>10. Use of data. When accessing either location-specific or mapped observations do you: (Rate each Item by 1: not important, to 5: very important) Use observations themselves for d o c u m e n t a t i o n or customized purposes: Use observations as inputs to a simulator/software: Use time-averaged observations for documentation / custom applications: Use statistical summaries other than averages (e.g., percentiles, p r o b a b i l i t y distribution, extremes), for documentation /<br/><br/>j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/>j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/>j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/>j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/><br/>custom applications: Use time-averages or statistical summaries as inputs to a simulator / software: j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/>11. Is the wind resource and meteorological information currently available satisfactory when considering... (Rate each Item by 1: not satisfactory, to 5: very satisfactory) Access: Up-to-date: G e o g r a p h i c a l coverage: Accuracy: Clarity in description of products: As a whole:<br/><br/>j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/>Where do you currently get the meteorological wind information you need?<br/><br/>12. Are wind forecasts important to you? ( R a t e each Item by 1: not important, to 5: very important) Nowcasting (next 1 hour): Nowcasting (next 6 hours): Forecast up to 24 hours: Forecast for 12 ­ 48 hours: Forecast up to 3 days: Forecast up to 1 week: Forecast up to 2 week: Forecast up to 1 month: Seasonal forecast (2-6 months):<br/><br/>j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/>13. If you would be a user of wind forecasts, please comment on your wind forecasting requirements. (Please specify in the comments box)<br/><br/><br/>a) Forecast timing ­ When must t h e forecast be available to you?<br/><br/>b) Forecast error ­ What is the maximum forecast error a c c e p t a b l e to you (identify parameters of interest &amp; error range)?<br/><br/>c) Other comments about your wind forecasting requirements?<br/><br/>14 a. Are long-term (multi-year) data sets important to you? (Rate each Item by 1: not important, to 5: very important) F o r climate change in general: For specific locations: Average values (year, season): Time series values: R e g i o n a l wind index values: j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 j k l m j k l m j k l m j k l m<br/><br/>14 b. For the long-term data set that is most important to you, what is the minimum number of years required?<br/><br/><br/>Specify in the comments box:<br/><br/>A d d i t i o n a l comments:<br/><br/>S u b m i t the survey<br/><br/>Accessibility / Contact / Print Hosted by Center for Energy and Processes of Ecole des Mines de Paris -This site is powered by Zope,CPS, which includes CPSSkins.